解説 ドイツ連邦議会選挙(~連立協定合意)

2025年2月23日、ドイツ連邦議会選挙(下院、定数630)が実施された。景気低迷や移民問題を背景に、投票率は82.5%に達し、東西ドイツ統一以来、最高の数値を記録するなど、国民の関心が非常に高い選挙となった。この選挙では、ショルツ首相が率いた中道左派で当時の与党・社会民主党(SPD)が、得票率16.4%(120議席)と過去最低を記録し、第三党に転落する惨敗を喫した。また、メルツ党首が率いる中道保守の最大野党・キリスト教民主同盟/キリスト教社会同盟(CDU/CSU)は、第一党に返り咲いたものの、得票率は史上2番目に低い水準(28.5%、208議席)にとどまった。他方、極右政党「ドイツのための選択肢(AfD)」は、前回選挙での棄権者を中心に、これまで支持基盤だった東部に加え、西部の有権者からの支持も拡大し、20.8%の得票(152議席)を獲得して第二党に躍進した。

この結果を受け、選挙後にはメルケル政権時代と同様の枠組み(CDU/CSUとSPD)による大連立の樹立に向けた交渉が進められた。4月9日には、移民政策の厳格化や防衛力の強化などを盛り込んだ全146ページに及ぶ連立協定「ドイツのための責任」で合意が成立した。5月上旬にはメルツ党首が首相に就任し、新政権が正式に発足する見通しとなっているが、極右と極左の台頭により政治の二極化が進む中、安定した政権運営を維持できるかどうか、さらには変容する国際秩序の中で、ドイツがどのようなリーダーシップを国際的に発揮していくことができるのか。今後のドイツ政治と外交の行方が注目される。(石川雄介)

特集「選挙は世界を変えるのか:岐路に立つ民主主義」はこちらから

Index Index

選挙は世界を変えるのか:岐路に立つ民主主義

選挙による国内政治のダイナミクスの変化は世界政治に影響を与え、地政学・地経学上のリスクを生じさせる可能性があります。また、報道の自由の侵害や偽情報の急増など、公正な選挙の実施に対する懸念が高まっているなか、今後の民主主義の行方が注目されています。本特集では、各国の選挙の動向を分析するとともに、国内政治の変化が国際秩序に与える影響についても考察していきます。

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Yusuke Ishikawa Research Fellow/Digital Communications Officer
Yusuke Ishikawa is Research Fellow and Digital Communications Officer at Asia Pacific Initiative (API) and Institute of Geoeconomics (IOG). His research focuses on European comparative politics, democratic backsliding, and anti-corruption. He also serves as External Contributor for Transparency International’s Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, and as Part-time Lecturer in European Affairs at the Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University. Prior to his current roles, he was Research Associate at IOG and API, contributing to its translation project of Critical Review of the Abe Administration into English and Chinese. Previously, he has worked as Research Assistant for API's CPTPP program and interned with its Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Abe Administration projects. His other experience includes serving as a full-time research intern at Transparency International Hungary and as a part-time consultant with Transparency International Defence & Security in the UK. His publications include NGOs, Advocacy, and Anti-Corruption (Routledge, 2025) and A Dangerous Confluence: The Intertwined Crises of Disinformation and Democracies (Institute of Geoeconomics, 2024). He has been featured in national and international media outlets including Japan Times, NHK, TV Asahi, Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), Handelsblatt, and Expresso. He received his BA in Political Science from Meiji University, MA in Corruption and Governance (with Distinction) from the University of Sussex, and another MA in Political Science from Central European University. During his BA and MAs, he also acquired teacher’s licenses in social studies in secondary education and a TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language) certificate. [Concurrent Positions] Part-time Lecturer, Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University External Contributor Consultant, Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, Transparency International Secretariat (TI-S)
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Yusuke Ishikawa

Research Fellow,
Digital Communications Officer

Yusuke Ishikawa is Research Fellow and Digital Communications Officer at Asia Pacific Initiative (API) and Institute of Geoeconomics (IOG). His research focuses on European comparative politics, democratic backsliding, and anti-corruption. He also serves as External Contributor for Transparency International’s Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, and as Part-time Lecturer in European Affairs at the Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University. Prior to his current roles, he was Research Associate at IOG and API, contributing to its translation project of Critical Review of the Abe Administration into English and Chinese. Previously, he has worked as Research Assistant for API's CPTPP program and interned with its Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Abe Administration projects. His other experience includes serving as a full-time research intern at Transparency International Hungary and as a part-time consultant with Transparency International Defence & Security in the UK. His publications include NGOs, Advocacy, and Anti-Corruption (Routledge, 2025) and A Dangerous Confluence: The Intertwined Crises of Disinformation and Democracies (Institute of Geoeconomics, 2024). He has been featured in national and international media outlets including Japan Times, NHK, TV Asahi, Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), Handelsblatt, and Expresso. He received his BA in Political Science from Meiji University, MA in Corruption and Governance (with Distinction) from the University of Sussex, and another MA in Political Science from Central European University. During his BA and MAs, he also acquired teacher’s licenses in social studies in secondary education and a TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language) certificate. [Concurrent Positions] Part-time Lecturer, Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University External Contributor Consultant, Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, Transparency International Secretariat (TI-S)

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