ルーマニア総選挙・大統領選挙 | 選挙イヤー2024
大統領選挙の第一回投票から1週間後の12月1日、ルーマニアで上下両院の総選挙も実施された。上下両院は同等の権限を有しており、法案や予算を可決するには両方での承認が必要となる。社会民主党（PSD、中道左派）は第一党の座を守ったものの、議席を大幅に減らし、連立与党である国民自由党（PNL、中道右派）との議席を合わせても、上院のみならず、改選前に過半数を保持していた下院でも過半数に届かない結果となった。他方、野党で極右政党のルーマニア統一同盟（AUR）は支持率を2020年の9.1%から2024年には18.3%に倍増させ、今回の選挙で第二党に躍進した。新興の極右政党であるSOSルーマニアや若者の党（POT）もあわせてAURの2/3を超える議席を獲得したことから、極右政党全体で3割強の議席を占めることとなった。物価高騰などへの不満が中道政党への逆風となり、極右政党がそうした政権批判票を集めたという構図は大統領選挙と変わらなかった。ルーマニア憲法第103条第3項に基づき、内閣が成立するためには上院下院の過半数が必要とされるため、社会民主党と国民自由党が結束するだけでなく、ルーマニア救出同盟（USR）やハンガリー人民主同盟（UDMR）といった親EU派の小規模政党を巻き込むことが今後の政権運営の鍵となる。
Research Fellow,
Digital Communications Officer
Yusuke Ishikawa is Research Fellow and Digital Communications Officer at Asia Pacific Initiative (API) and Institute of Geoeconomics (IOG). His research focuses on European comparative politics, democratic backsliding, and anti-corruption. He also serves as External Contributor for Transparency International’s Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, as Associate Research Fellow at the EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy, and as Part-time Lecturer in European Affairs at the Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University. Prior to his current roles, Research Associate at IOG and API, contributing to its translation project of Critical Review of the Abe Administration into English and Chinese. Previously, he has worked as Research Assistant for API's CPTPP program and interned with its Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Abe Administration projects. His other experience includes serving as a visiting research fellow at EUEOPEUM Institute, a full-time research intern at Transparency International Hungary, and as a part-time consultant with Transparency International Defence & Security in the UK. His publications include "NGOs, Advocacy, and Anti-Corruption" (In Routledge Handbook of Anti-Corruption Research and Practice, 2025) and A Dangerous Confluence: The Intertwined Crises of Disinformation and Democracies (Institute of Geoeconomics, 2024). He has been featured in national and international media outlets including Japan Times, NHK, TV Asahi, Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), Handelsblatt, Expresso, and E-International Relations (E-IR). He received his BA in Political Science from Meiji University, MA in Corruption and Governance (with Distinction) from the University of Sussex, and another MA in Political Science from Central European University. During his BA and MAs, he also acquired teacher’s licenses in social studies in secondary education and a TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language) certificate. [Concurrent Positions] Associate Research Fellow, EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy, Czechia External Contributor Consultant, Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, Transparency International Secretariat (TI-S), Germany Part-time Lecturer, Department of Economics and Business Management, Saitama Gakuen University, Japan
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